Instruct the patient to hold the handles (Fig. After stabilizing the patient in the machine, adjust the C-arm to the level of the patient’s head. Patients in a wheelchair can be examined in machines without a seat, only if the wheels do not collide with the machine base. Tall patients will need to sit on a stool with no back rest. If the machine accommodates standing patients only, technique modification is required. If the device has a dedicated seat, ask the patient to sit down. Most machines have the ability to select a C-arm position that makes it more convenient for the patient to enter it with minimal risk of colliding with the device elements. The level of the C-arm is adjusted to the patient’s height using a positioning device. Disinfect the chin support with a disinfectant solution spray. Use a sterile bite piece or cover the bite piece with a single use protective sleeve. In case the patient’s teeth (anterior or more) are missing or mobile (due to periodontal bone disease) or the patient has sustained a trauma, the use of a chin support is advised (Fig.
If the patient’s guardian accompanies the patient during the exposure, he/she should also wear a lead apron.Ī bite piece is selected according to the patient’s dentition (Fig. When the local legislation mandates the use of a lead apron during X-ray exposure, a lead apron with the longer side on the patient’s back or a two-sided apron is used. Instruct the patient to remove all metallic objects including removable orthodontic appliances, removable prostheses, piercings, glasses, necklaces, hearing aids and hair pins to prevent artefacts from the radiographed site. A section of a panoramic radiograph should be selected instead of the whole radiograph if possible. Entering the patient’s gender and birth date leads to default settings that can be adjusted as required.
Panoramic xray software#
The dental arch shape and exposure settings can be selected based on the software (Fig. Generate or open a patient file in a dedicated software. Pregnancy is not an absolute contraindication for radiography but should be delayed until after birth, whenever possible. In female patients of child-bearing age, enquire about the possibility of pregnancy. Inform the patient and/or guardian about the radiation risk, and ensure that an informed consent is signed per applicable regulation. Read and evaluate the referral prescription to ensure justification of the radiograph. Steps in obtaining a panoramic radiograph Introductory Steps
If the appropriate steps are carefully followed, a good quality radiograph can be obtained in most patients. Obtaining a panoramic radiograph is comparatively simple with proper patient positioning. An operator can also scroll through the layers and choose images as required.
Panoramic xray registration#
Registration of several parallel thinner layers within the focal troughĪutomatic image post-processing for selecting best-quality segments within the layers to compile into a high-quality radiograph. Advances in panoramic radiography depend on:
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